Did you know...
... that to sow an acorn is to help increase the population of the genus Quercus trees - for example, oaks, holm oaks or cork oaks - that contribute significantly to carbon sequestration? All plants have the capacity to absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis process until their life cycle ends. For the great longevity and resistance to forest fires these species are more durable carbon dioxide reservoirs. Sow to mitigate climate change! |
Did you know...
..that in 1988 the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to review and assess scientific research conducted in the area of climate change worldwide? The IPCC periodically publishes analysis reports, which are relevant to political deciders, scientists and the public in general.
IPCC (2015) Organization. Last accessed: 30 March 2015, https://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.shtml
..that in 1988 the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to review and assess scientific research conducted in the area of climate change worldwide? The IPCC periodically publishes analysis reports, which are relevant to political deciders, scientists and the public in general.
IPCC (2015) Organization. Last accessed: 30 March 2015, https://www.ipcc.ch/organization/organization.shtml
Did you know...
...that the average global temperature of the Earth’s surface (land and oceans) has increased 0.85°C [from 0.65 to 1.06°C], from 1880 to 2012?
...that the average global temperature of the Earth’s surface (land and oceans) has increased 0.85°C [from 0.65 to 1.06°C], from 1880 to 2012?
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Acessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
Did you know...
… that the increase in the global average temperature of the surface forecasted for the end of the 21st century, regarding the period 1986-2005, is between 0,3°C (lower limit for the lowest emission of greenhouse gas scenario) and 4,8°C (upper limit for the highest emission scenario)?
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
… that the increase in the global average temperature of the surface forecasted for the end of the 21st century, regarding the period 1986-2005, is between 0,3°C (lower limit for the lowest emission of greenhouse gas scenario) and 4,8°C (upper limit for the highest emission scenario)?
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
Did you know...
...that the human influence on the climate system is unequivocal and is mainly due to the unprecedented issuance of greenhouse gases?
...that the human influence on the climate system is unequivocal and is mainly due to the unprecedented issuance of greenhouse gases?
Fig.: Average concentrations of global greenhouse gases. Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2, green), methane (CH4, orange), and nitrous oxide (N2O, red), determined from data obtained from ice cores (ice samples) and direct atmospheric measurements (IPCC, 2014, p.3).
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
Did you know...
…that the ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases is intensifying global warming and long-lasting changes in the climate system? And in their turn, these changes are increasing the probability of severe impacts, general and irreversible, on populations and ecosystems, as well as the occurrence of floods, heat waves, extinction, etc…
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
…that the ongoing emissions of greenhouse gases is intensifying global warming and long-lasting changes in the climate system? And in their turn, these changes are increasing the probability of severe impacts, general and irreversible, on populations and ecosystems, as well as the occurrence of floods, heat waves, extinction, etc…
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/AR5_SYR_FINAL_SPM.pdf
Did you know...
… that the global average sea level rose at an average of 1,8 mm per year, in 1961-2003? During the 20th century, the estimated increase was 170 [120-220] mm.
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
… that the global average sea level rose at an average of 1,8 mm per year, in 1961-2003? During the 20th century, the estimated increase was 170 [120-220] mm.
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
Did you know...
…paleoclimatic studies (science that studies the history of the Earth) support the interpretation that the global warming witnessed in the last half century is unusual when compared with the last 1300 years?
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
…paleoclimatic studies (science that studies the history of the Earth) support the interpretation that the global warming witnessed in the last half century is unusual when compared with the last 1300 years?
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
Did you know...
…that the last time polar regions were significantly warmer than they are today, for a long period of time (about 125,000 years ago), the reduction of polar ice volume led to an increase between 4 and 6 mm of the global average sea level?
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
…that the last time polar regions were significantly warmer than they are today, for a long period of time (about 125,000 years ago), the reduction of polar ice volume led to an increase between 4 and 6 mm of the global average sea level?
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
Did you know...
…that oceans absorb part of the atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that that absorption has a significant effect on their acidification? This phenomena has negative impacts in marine ecosystems and is called Ocean acidification.
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
…that oceans absorb part of the atmospheric carbon dioxide, and that that absorption has a significant effect on their acidification? This phenomena has negative impacts in marine ecosystems and is called Ocean acidification.
Cubasch, U., Wuebbles, D., Chen, D., Facchini, M.C., Frame, D., Mahowald, N., & Winther, J.-G. (2013). Introduction. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter01_FINAL.pdf
Did you know...
…that we can have an idea of how climate was millions of years ago when analysing climate indicators such as rings of ancient trees, animal remains, and plants preserved in rocks or ocean sediments?
Miranda, J.M. (2010). Cap 1 – Conceitos Fundamentais. In J.M. Miranda, Terra, Ambiente e Clima: Introdução à Ciência do Sistema Terrestre (6-27). Lisboa: Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Engenharia Geográfica, Geofísica e Energia. Accessed: http://194.117.7.100/tac/TAC_2010.pdf
…that we can have an idea of how climate was millions of years ago when analysing climate indicators such as rings of ancient trees, animal remains, and plants preserved in rocks or ocean sediments?
Miranda, J.M. (2010). Cap 1 – Conceitos Fundamentais. In J.M. Miranda, Terra, Ambiente e Clima: Introdução à Ciência do Sistema Terrestre (6-27). Lisboa: Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Engenharia Geográfica, Geofísica e Energia. Accessed: http://194.117.7.100/tac/TAC_2010.pdf
Did you know...
… that in 2011 the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, a gas with greenhouse effect, was 390,5 ppm (parts per million)? Paleoclimate data (regarding the Earth's history) referring to the interglacial periods of the last 800,000 years, indicate that the minimum values for this gas were 180 ppm and the maximum values were 300 ppm. Recently, it was reported that the atmospheric concentration of CO2 worldwide exceeded 400 ppm.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Schulz, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Beer, J., Ganopolski, A., Rouco, J.F.G., Jansen, E., Lambeck, K., Luterbacher, J., Naish, T., Osborn, T., Otto-Bliesner, B., Quinn, T., Ramesh, R., Rojas, M., Shao, X. & Timmermann, A. (2013). Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K., Allen, Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. & Midgley, P.M. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf
NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2015). Greenhouse gas benchmark reached. Accessed: http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/11153/Greenhouse-gas-benchmark-reached-.aspx
… that in 2011 the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, a gas with greenhouse effect, was 390,5 ppm (parts per million)? Paleoclimate data (regarding the Earth's history) referring to the interglacial periods of the last 800,000 years, indicate that the minimum values for this gas were 180 ppm and the maximum values were 300 ppm. Recently, it was reported that the atmospheric concentration of CO2 worldwide exceeded 400 ppm.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Schulz, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Beer, J., Ganopolski, A., Rouco, J.F.G., Jansen, E., Lambeck, K., Luterbacher, J., Naish, T., Osborn, T., Otto-Bliesner, B., Quinn, T., Ramesh, R., Rojas, M., Shao, X. & Timmermann, A. (2013). Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K., Allen, Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. & Midgley, P.M. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf
NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2015). Greenhouse gas benchmark reached. Accessed: http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/11153/Greenhouse-gas-benchmark-reached-.aspx
Did you know...
… that throughout Earth’s history several processes of climate change occurred? What is different in the current process, in relation to other historical climate changes, is that the rhythm in which they are taking place nowadays is far superior and more unusual, than those registered in the past.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Schulz, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Beer, J., Ganopolski, A., Rouco, J.F.G., Jansen, E., Lambeck, K., Luterbacher, J., Naish, T., Osborn, T., Otto-Bliesner, B., Quinn, T., Ramesh, R., Rojas, M., Shao, X. & Timmermann, A. (2013). Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K., Allen, Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. & Midgley, P.M. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf
… that throughout Earth’s history several processes of climate change occurred? What is different in the current process, in relation to other historical climate changes, is that the rhythm in which they are taking place nowadays is far superior and more unusual, than those registered in the past.
Masson-Delmotte, V., Schulz, M., Abe-Ouchi, A., Beer, J., Ganopolski, A., Rouco, J.F.G., Jansen, E., Lambeck, K., Luterbacher, J., Naish, T., Osborn, T., Otto-Bliesner, B., Quinn, T., Ramesh, R., Rojas, M., Shao, X. & Timmermann, A. (2013). Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K., Allen, Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V. & Midgley, P.M. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Accessed: https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_Chapter05_FINAL.pdf